Why Scm Strategy Is Important For An Organization Business Essay

Why Scm Strategy Is Important For An Organization Business Essay Supply chain management plays a vital role in modern day business operations, as carefully planned supply chain process adds value to customers. CIC is a company involved in agricultural products and the only company in Sri Lanka that serve Seed to Shelf motive in local and foreign markets. This document discusses the effectiveness of supply chain and possible waste reduction strategies that can adopt by the CIC, also some measures they have to implement in terms of logistics when they are planning their products in the shelves of other counties. Finally this report discusses about the importance of integrating the supply chain using modern information technology and how it can results in the long run while generating a competitive advantage to the business. Introduction CIC Agro Businesses (Private) Limited is a subsidiary of CIC, which encompasses all the agriculture related businesses that are carried out within the CIC Group. CIC Agro Businesses (Private) Limited comprises of a number of companies. With its wider goal to enhance farmer income, improve the rural economy and contribute towards the development of Agriculture making Sri Lanka a nutritious healthy nation. Vision To be the leader in enriching Sri Lankas agriculture with the best quality produce from Seed to Shelf. Mission To provide innovative technologies and professional management to the agriculture sector contributing significantly to Sri Lankas GDP whilst ensuring trust from farmer to consumer. (Source: www. cic .com) 1.0 Supply Chain Management Supply chain management is the oversight of finances, information, and material as they move in a route from supplier to consumer, passing manufacturer, wholesaler, retailer, etc in between. Supply chain management is an efficient and accepted management philosophy focused at improving the business process of an organization. A supply chain is the network of different aspects. Knowledge, technology, resources, and people involved in the production or manufacturing, and transportation, distribution and marketing are involved delivering products to the final customer. In modern business supply chain activities are used to maximize customer value and achieve sustainable competitive advantage. There are four major elements in Supply chain management, they are Production Production is a major factor in SCM. This element aims on the products the market is demanding and particular products consumers want. At the production element, many features are considered such as what products are to manufactures and in what quantities. Supply and Inventory Inventory visibility and Inventory control are two very significant factors in any supply chain operations, for these elements are the cost factors and directly affect the bottom lines in the balance sheet of the business. Inventory is an asset for the organization. Every business has a standard inventory turnover which is optimum for the business, this means the number of times the inventory is sold and replaced in a given period of time. The health of the inventory turn relates to the health of business Location and Transportation The company decides the best locations to produce the indented goods and focuses on the best process for producing, storing and distributing the production. This decision is depends on the available resources and existing buyers. Other aspects considered in this decision are the location of suppliers. Then the company decides the modes of transportation that is most appropriate for delivering goods.. Information The final element of SCM is information and how it is used, which means the methods of record keeping and passing information that are accurate and effective. This may include using computerized software and integrating all systems together. 1.1 Why SCM strategy is important for an Organization Supply Chain Strategies are the vital backbone to modern business. Successful Market coverage and product availability at locations are the keys to revenue generation, and it depends on the effectiveness of Supply Chain Strategy implemented. In simply terms, when products are introduced to the market and promoted, the company must make sure the accessibility and availability of the products where the customers are able to purchase and take delivery. If the products are not being available at the right time and the right place, can cause a drop in customer interest and demand, which can eventually be disastrous to business. 1.2 Eliminating waste in Seed to Shelf program CIS has a wide product range in their Agriculture and Livestock industry, such as vegetables, fruits, seed paddy, yogurt, curd, rice, eggs, etc which are introduced to the market under the brand name CIC, the brand name is well known in both in the international and local market. The company is dedicated towards agriculture business, and help farmers to increase their incomes, improve rural economies while contributing to the development of the Agro industry in Sri Lanka. CIC Agri also provides with facilities and expertise in the purchasing, set up and maintenance of agricultural equipment and machinery. Furthermore the expertise are been provided in the use of fertilizers and irrigation equipment to increase the production. CIC is carefully managing the seed to shelf supply chain operation effectively and efficiently. But when studying this process, there can be possible areas which can cause waste or cost to the process. Below are the areas CIC must focus their attention in elimin ating waste in their of Seed to Shelf program. Over-production: producing more than or ahead of demand. The result of producing to speculative (forecast) demand or supposed economic batches, it is visible as excessive, time consuming and costly material stores. Employee waiting: this might occur at any stage of the supply chain process, the result is wasted worker time. The goal is to maximize the utilization and/or efficiency of operatives first and machines second. Transportation: this means unnecessary transportation cost in production process, CIC face this problem as the production locations are in rural areas. Work In Progress (WIP) and finished goods adds no value to the product. Therefore it is more cost efficient to minimizing or eliminate unnecessary transportation system, than thinking of improving them. Non-value added processing: doing more work than is necessary to complete a task, or in other words activities that do not contribute to the product or the process. According to Lean methods it is best to use simpler tools and processers in the production, where possible. Unnecessary motion: relating to people stretching, bending, or walking too far, this is a common waste factor can be seen in agricultural industry. This happens primarily due to the inappropriate location of tools, parts inventories and fixtures. Excess inventory: specifically referring to Work In Progress (WIP) between operations and purchased parts within the supply chain, often resulting from overproduction, usually due to excessively large batch manufacturing or processes with long cycle times leading in turn to cost and waste. This will result additional waste in the form of increased lead-times, extra handling, high interest charges, avoidable people movement, excessive floor space requirements and paperwork and, again, the associated costs. Defects: agricultural products are often exposed to pests and other deceases, which cause rotten or putrid crop. This decayed crop adds significant production waste and costs. The organization must focuses on preventing the occurrence of this pest and diseases, before focusing on improving the cultivation processes. 2.0 Logistics Management The Council of Supply Chain Management Professionals (CSCMP), the preeminent worldwide professional association of supply chain management professionals, defines logistics as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦that part of supply chain management that plans, implements, and controls the efficient, effective forward and reverse flow and storage of goods, services and related information between the point of origin and the point of consumption in order to meet customers requirements.. This definition includes inbound, outbound, internal, and external movements, and return of materials for environmental purposes. Logistics plays an important role in business operation of an organization. Logistics involves from the very beginning of the business process, it starts with post procumbent stage, purchasing and delivering raw materials to production locations which is known as inbound logistics. After production process is completed, logistics again comes to the scene by delivering the final product to end users which is known as the outbound logistics. Therefore it is obvious that the effectiveness and efficiency of logistics process will directly impact the bottom line of the balance sheet. The strength and the productivity of Supply Change Management lies on the factors which are directly involved with logistics such as, Suppliers from various levels and territories, Distributors locally and internationally, Agents and freight forwarders such as cargo, railway, air cargo, sea cargo and so on. 2.1 Logistics Challenges for CIC CIC is focusing on seed to shelf concept on foreign countries as well, there are possible barriers CIC might face in agricultural logistics, some of the identifies barriers are, High supply uncertainty due to natural production: unpredictable variations in quality and quantity of supply, which demands for flexibility in logistic processes and planning and early warning and pro-active control mechanisms; High perishability of fresh food products, which demand for temperature conditioned transportation and storage (cold chains) and very short order-to delivery lead-times; Seasonable growing, which demands for global sourcing to ensure year-round availability; High demands on food safety, quality and (environmental) legislation, which demands for the ability to trace production information of products in transit; High flow complexities, due to a combination of continuous and discrete product flows, diverging and converging processes and by-products; this demands for advanced tracking and tracing and logistic planning capabilities; Important role of export, including additional phytosanitary inspections (Formal certificate issued by an exporting countrys agricultural authorities to ensure the shipment is inspected and is free from pests and plant diseases) 2.2 Measures to overcome logistics challenges CIC can overcome above identified barriers by implementing certain measures to their business processes. Supply uncertainty can manage to a certain extend by focusing at vertical and horizontal integration of value chains. At one end of the value chain the organization can align the support activities that reallocate to sustainable production and precision agriculture, and at the other end of the chain, the company can aim on developing agro logistics with distribution and consolidation centers  which are directly serving export and local markets. Therefore by integrating the value chain CIC is able to pre determine the supply planning and the logistic process. CIC must also focus on post harvest technology since agricultural products are highly perishable, CIC must take appropriate precautions to maintain the freshness of the agri products till it goes to the shelves of other countries, some possible precautions to overcome this are; Smart fresh technology Smart Fresh technology successfully controls fruit and vegetable ripening by controlling naturally occurring ethylene during storage and transport. Ethylene triggers ripening and spoilage in most fruits and vegetables; in some cases it is responsible for important storage disorders, which can cause the spoilage and waste of entire storage areas. Smart Fresh Quality System reduces fruit waste and maintains texture, firmness, taste and appearance of fruits by warding off negative ethylene effects http://www.agrofresh.com/smartfresh/smartfresh.html Cold Chain management Cold chain management means maintaining a constant temperature of a product to ensure the wholesomeness as it is processed, delivered, shipped and stored at the pre determine destination. The cold chain must never be interrupted or disturbed to ensure the long shelf life of the product. This involves relevant equipment, knowledge and people skills during the transportation and storage process from the time they are produced up until they are administered. Packaging of perishables For CIC packaging plays a major role in adding value to their products. CIC should pay a special attention to food safety, protection, tampering resistance and hygiene when packaging agro products. Additionally packaging act as the interface of a CIC product it also using as a medium of reflecting quality which promotes itself compared to other products. When it comes to packaging it is one of the mile stone standards that the company has to focus since they are perishable products. Proper quality measures must be implemented in order to add value to the products, on perspective of nationally as well as internationally adding another competitive advantage for the company and its products and continues improving process. Some quality measures are; Quality Control (QC) this means maintaining and evaluating the standard of manufactured product prior to its marketing. Quality Assurance (QA) set of activities implemented such as quality checks, processes, procedures, etc to identify and correct any mistake that would reduce the quality of the products at each production stage. Standard Operation Procedure (SOP) often the best practice prescribed for recurring use as a the standers operation, in reference to agreed upon specifications focused at obtaining a desired outcome Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) critical preventive guidelines for production operations. GMP addresses areas such as personal hygiene, food hygiene, pest control, waste disposal, water supply and so on Furthermore CIC can expand their logistics process by collaborating with logistics companies which have facilities, reputation, and experience like Maclerens and Logiventure cargo will be one of the way the company could expand and outsource the logistics process. 3.0 Role of information technology in supply chain management Supply chain has always been different companies and different departments within the company working together. Supply chain integration means integrating all activities in the supply chain in to a one key processes. Today, the internet has allowed companies to move these functions to web based networks where clusters of business that typically do business with each other come to gather via the connectivity of the internet. Companies can collaborate and communicate with each other through a single internet interface. When all the participants in the supply chain become connected electronically, allowing the unfettered flow of information, the supply becomes fully integrated. Utilizing web based technologies; companies are starting to integrate their supply chains in a system-to-system manner, minimizing the need for human contact, human data entry or any sort of human involvement. Moreover data can move in real time and disparities in size of companies are becoming less critical as software providers come up with solution that allows small companies to connect with large customers through the web. While the application to connect companies with their trading partners are far from free, the internet is relatively inexpensive medium, unlike a value added network (VAN) that charges a per transaction fee for data transmission. E-commerce is driving a revolution of the supply chain, as we have known it. With processes once took days or weeks now taking minutes to perform, the potential to cost saving through efficiency is greater than ever. E commerce solution providers have come forward with new tools that enable supply chain participants the opportunity to connect and collaborate via web based net works. While analysts, consultants, solution providers and enterprises continue to debate how companies ultimately will integrate those new tools into their operations and the shape of the supply chain of the future, there is a consensus forming around one vision for the next generation supply chain. The underlying theme is connectivity. As a result, we are moving from production base supply chain to a fulfillment base model. In industrial age, production was the primary business activity. In the technology age, fulfillment becomes the primary business activity. The trading networks that are set up turn the chain upside down and create a demand chain where customer order drives the business activity. Consequently fulfillment of customer demand is the key, it is no longer about tossing the customer a product; it is also about improving customer relationships through better customer service. 3.1 Enterprise Resource Planning System for CIC Each stage of the supply chain must be aimed on making the transition as productive and cost effective as possible. But, most of activities in the supply chain add little to the final outcome. This scenario is also same with CIC, therefore CIC can integrate their supply chain using modern E strategy, and most appropriate solution would be an ERP system. Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems streamline business processes by allowing all departments and divisions within a company to access a common database which they upgrade via their own module. An ERP System will enable communication and information sharing between all business functions and helps to manage the connection with its internal and external stake holders. By implementing an ERP system it is easy for the organization to trace the companies upstream and downstream functions and other relevant business functions, facilitating Lean supply chain management. Effective ERP System can add value to CIC in improving many business functionalities. For an example it will improve and complement the Value chain, VMI (Vendor manger inventories), ECR (Efficient customer response), Global supply chain Seeds to shelves from global perspectives and Contribution to business objective that means aligning SCM and corporate objectives and strategies. 3.2 Benefits of Integrated supply chain An obvious benefit CIC can gain is reduction of inventories. CIC can change from Just in case inventory management to Just in time inventory management. Better inventory management allows increased turns in the inventory cycle, which reduces holding cost while increasing the cash flow. CIC supply chain runs from rural villages in Sri Lanka to market shelves of other countries. Therefore information sharing and information management is very vital to manage the business from seed to shelf. By having better information and better access to the information, customer service can be substantially improved by being able to make more timely and accurate sales and on time delivery, replenishment and shipping decisions. Emerging technologies allow trading partners to collaboratively plan, track orders through fulfillment process, maximize process efficiency based upon historical performance data and provide superior service to the point of delivery. Finally process automation across the extended enterprise reduces the amount of manual process and potential error. This removes the opportunities for incorrect data entry. Incorrect data or information cause reliance upon confusing and contradictory information, which often leads to customer dissatisfaction and disputes between trading partners. Not only does this reduce cycle time, if it occurs repeatedly over time it is likely to cripple the very relationship that is the heart of the business. The companies that adapt the collaborative tools and processes available today, and into the future, will find that the ultimate benefit of participating in a networked supply chain is a significant competitive advantage over their competitors that do not participate. In that case, supply chain integration does become the end game. Conclusion Supply chain plays a major role in CIC on achieving the seed to shelf vision. To achieve this vision effectively CIC must first focus and take necessary steps to eliminating waste in their supply chain process. Then the company should take needed precautions in terms of logistics in order to ensure the quality and the availability of the CIC products in the shelves of other countries. Finally CIC can use modern information technology to integrate the supply chain process and optimize their service.

Millenium Development Goals Essay

The eight Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) emerged from the United Nations (UN) Millennium Declaration in 2000, and are arguably the most politically important pact ever made for international development. They identify speciï ¬ c development priorities across a very broad range, including poverty, education, gender, health, environment, and international partnerships. These goals have substantially shaped development dialogue and investment; some development agencies judge all their activities on the contribution to achievement of the MDGs. Overall, progress towards the MDGs has been described as â€Å"patchy† and â€Å"uneven†. The broad conclusion is that few goals are entirely on track globally, and those that are show substantial variation, with least progress in Africa and often south Asia. The MDGs comprise a set of eight goals and associated targets and indicators. They represent the latest eï ¬â‚¬ort in a long process of development goal setting which had antecedents in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the Development Decade of the 1960s, and the many UN summits of the second half of the 20th century that set speciï ¬ c goals to reduce hunger, improve health, eradicate diseases, and school children. The Millennium Declaration presented six values that were considered to be fundamental to international relations in the 21st century: freedom, equality, solidarity, tolerance, respect for nature, and shared responsibility. Seven key objectives were identiï ¬ ed to translate these shared values into actions: peace, security, and disarmament; development and poverty eradication; protection of our common environment; human rights, democracy, and good governance; protection of vulnerable people; meeting of the special needs of Africa; and strengthening of the UN. The performance of individual MDGs so far suggests that they have made four important positive contributions: encouraging global political consensus, providing a focus for advocacy, improving the targeting and ï ¬â€š ow of aid, and improving the monitoring of development projects. The MDGs are claimed to be â€Å"the ï ¬ rst global development vision that combines a global political endorsement with a clear focus on, and means to engage directly with, the world’s poor people†. There are many challenges posed by the Millenium Development Goals. Set against these positive contributions are several shortcomings that emerge consistently across the analysis of individual MDGs. Characteristically, most of these weaknesses present themselves as the ï ¬â€šip side of the MDGs’ more positive elements. Thus, the Millenium Development Goals, which has probably facilitated their acceptance and use, makes them at the same time limited in scope, whereas their quantitative targets and precise indicators often fail to capture some crucial elements of goal achievement. We have to accept that all goal setting involves such trade-offs. However, the value of focusing on shortcomings of the MDGs lies in our potential to improve them, or replace them with something better. Ineï ¬â‚¬ective MDGs pose two risks: they might not achieve their intended eï ¬â‚¬ect, and they could lead to negative eï ¬â‚¬ects by ignoring or impeding more eï ¬â‚¬ective development and poverty reduction. There are many problems with the goals set by UN. The MDGs represent a subset of a broader development vision expressed in the Millennium Declaration. Goals were never developed for several key objectives of the Declaration, including peace, security and disarmament, and human rights. The elements taken into the MDGs were in fact the speciï ¬ c targets associated with only one objective of the Declaration, that of development and poverty eradication. Some of these goals, being themselves derived from speciï ¬ c targets, were very narrow in conception: education goals focused mainly on primary education, whereas health goals focused only on three aspects of health associated with maternal mortality, child mortality, and speciï ¬ c diseases.

Lies Youve Been Told About Ap Language and Composition Adversity Essay Student Samples

Lies You've Been Told About Ap Language and Composition Adversity Essay Student Samples When you own a thesis, think about your principal topic and discover words that relate to it in various ways. You wouldn't need the individual grading your essay to suppose that you're lacking in style and grammar. Students receive a 15-minute reading period to accommodate the extra reading necessary for the question. If at all possible, begin at the start of the semester. The Characteristics of Ap Language and Composition Adversity Essay Student Samples You will find out more about the subject, and you'll have more vocabulary words to enrich the essay. When you compose the essay, you should choose a single side to concentrate on. Argue Both Sides in case you have to compose a longer or more elaborate essay, it may help to outline each side of the argument before you begin writing. It should encompass your whole essay in only 1 sentence. 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Additionally, by arguing for the other side of your opinion, you are going to learn which points you want to better address in your essay. In the event the answer is yes, attempt to structure your argument in order for your points build off one another. Approach the question from every side of the potential argument it poses. The argument itself may even appear scattered and all over the area. What You Must Know About Ap Language and Composition Adversity Essay Student Samples Moreover, medical schools already know about all the programs and resources they provide, and that means you wouldn't be providing much value via your writing. While there'll be some amount of overlap between each program's application, do make sure your essays really take every one of the characteristics listed in part 3 into account when crafting your essays. As you generally won't obtain all requests for secondary application materials at the identical time, you may wind up needing to prioritize your responses should they start to develop into overwhelming. A good deal of programs incorporate a shorter essay asking you to incorporate any extra information which you feel is important to your application. The Number One Question You Must Ask for Ap Language and Composition Adversity Essay Student Samples The cost of an essay depends upon the quantity of effort the writer has to exert. Though the writer's ideas are usually understandable, the constraint of language is often immature. Make your own excitement about the prompt and what you need to say about doing it. You don't have a lot of time to spend trying to earn each and every portion of your essays perfect. Finding out how to handle it's a skill that's very important to each part of life, particularly when it comes to school. You are able to trust us to help you locate the very best college for your demands. For instance, if a school focuses a good deal on community service and you've got similar experiences, mentio n that. High school isn't free in Kenya. Finding the Best Ap Language and Composition Adversity Essay Student Samples Among the rules in handling adversity in life is that you're only as free as your well-developed alternatives. Our lives can become pretty hectic and it can be simple to get lost in our actions. There are several inspiring stories of individuals who overcame seemingly insurmountable odds. You've overcome your adversity and there's not any reason to embellish the information. The Upside to Ap Language and Composition Adversity Essay Student Samples If you can't determine what the question is, return and reread the prompt. When it's more than 1 problem, write out clear definitions of all of the problems that together constitute what it is that you're worrying about at this time. Step One Define the issue clearly. Make certain that it's a single issue. The One Thing to Do for Ap Language and Composition Adversity Essay Student Samples When people online are n't polite, they don't fret about their tone in any way, and it offends people. So long as you're asking questions, you're expanding the array of alternatives and possibilities that are open to you. Most times, most individuals let small things defeat them. In summary, struggling to overcome adversities is not too straightforward but once an individual makes to overcome them, they become a lot stronger person. At the close of the calendar year, it's your responsibility to ensure you understand everything to produce a 5 on the AP exam. Writing an outline offers you a starting point for getting what you need to say on paper. When you learn your very first new topic or cover an essential notion, review it that night. 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Persuasive Speech Social Networks - 960 Words

Persuasive Speech : Social Networks INTRODUCTION Nowdays, many existing social sites mediate worldwide. Among the popular website and the choice and the madness of all ages, especially teens are Facebook, Twitter, Friendster, and Myspace. Most social network services are web based and offers multiple ways of interaction between users, such as online chats, exchange messages, e-mail, video, voice chat, file sharing, blogging, discussion groups, and so on.With the advent of social websites such as this, teenagers can connect or communicate quickly than before, the creation of information and communication technologies. Social networking service that focuses on the development and†¦show more content†¦Organizations can also benefit through the use of social media platforms like Facebook, Myspace, and Linkedin. These sites help organizations promote their cause, fund raise, and inform individuals. ( Transition : Now we’ll continue about the importance social networks) The importance of social networks, Online social networks are ideal for exchanging ideas, views, and garnering public opinion although, these are restricted to the users of the social network. Popular social networking sites, like MySpace and Face book are changing the Internet scene. The company operates on the system of multi level marketing. Such as business one line can Low costs ,It is free to use social networking sites for personal and business use which is underestimated by many online business owners. Using social networking strategies for marketing a product or service online is very effective because you can scout out target markets and potential customers with just a few clicks. Some also make full use of the information sharing business. Beside that can sharing of information knowledge. If we are wise to find the right friends, we will get the latest information quickly. 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Essay about The Illusion of Love in Faulkner’s A Rose for...

William Faulkner’s â€Å"A Rose for Emily† takes the setting of an old shabby house, in which Emily poisons her lover to death. Though some people suggest the house should be a symbol for isolation, I believe the house, like the rose, is the emblem of love. Both of the two symbols are meant to be of promising connotation, but egoism takes happiness away from love. House is commonly referred to as another word for warm home and love. Since the house Emily lives in is the only property her father leaves her with, memories and love of his father must be sealed in the house. However, Emily’s house is not cozy or beautiful, but rather an â€Å"eyesore among eyesore† (Para.2), with â€Å"a smell of dust and disuse† (Para.4). What darkens the once well†¦show more content†¦When mentioning empty houses, a similar image comes to our mind: cage. He imprisons Emily. Thus, the father possesses Emily, for she knows nothing about the world, and has nothi ng to exchange with the world. Second, Homer’s love is insincere. He stays with Emily on Sunday afternoons (Chapter 3), but he is not a marrying man (It can be argued whether he is homosexual). Though aware that for a woman over 30, it is deadly to be unmarried, he is not willing to sacrifice for his ‘love’ (if there is any), and does not offer the commitment to avoid responsibility. Dating with Emily is only one of those games for him. Third, Emily falls into his father’s logic unconsciously. She may have wanted a happy family to devote her love and sacrifice to. The bleak reality breaks her dream. So under the control of the idea â€Å"if I cannot marry him, no one else can†, she takes away Homer’s life and locked him in a chamber—a cage, but smaller than his father’s. As we think again, we may find, marriage itself is a cord that ties the couple. So one way or another, Emily wants to be bound with Homer. Therefore, instead of sincerity and trust, the house is filled by artificial and self-centered love. 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Western Union Seeks East and Central African Market Free Essays

‘WESTERN UNION SHIFTING FOCUS TO TRANSACTIONS WITHIN AFRICA. ’ INTRODUCTION This article under review is taken from the outlook section of The EastAfrican newspaper as for the dates between 19th to the 25th September 2011. It is a QA article with Western union’s present regional director southern and East Africa, Karen Jordaan. We will write a custom essay sample on Western Union Seeks East and Central African Market or any similar topic only for you Order Now It was chosen in line with other online articles published two weeks prior that informed of the change in strategy being adopted by the global money transfer company in terms of their operations within the African continent. ARTICLE OVERVIEW With the ever growing number of immigrants standing at around 250 million globally with 30 million of these being from Africa and better still 19 million of them being migrations within Africa and with the ever growing number people moving within the East African region for leisure, business or seeking job opportunities, it was clear that the potential number of transactions within the region was increasing and Western union identifying this decides to apply their marketing mix in terms of place or location by changing their strategy by focusing on the East African region and the African continent as a whole. To cement their operation in the region, western union has taken to invest to train more agents to reach a wider population and enhance service delivery in the region. With over 23,000 locations in 50 African countries and only 3,600 of this being in the East African region, western union is facing a challenging ‘motor and brick’ situation where they have been unable to reach the 39 million Kenyans with most adopting informal ways of money transfer coupled with low penetration of mobile transfer in rural areas. The 700 locations in Kenya coupled with differing data as provided by the local government and international bodies has left western union without proper information of where to invest and that is why they are taking charge and repositioning themselves to grow in the regional market. Besides investing in their people to reach a wider population, they are also running promotions geared to stimulate local money transfer through their formal channels. Some of this are such as changes in pricing as seen in the charges if $1. for transactions between Kenya and Uganda aimed primarily at the foreign students learning there across the other east African region. Articles implication on the economy and general business environment. The move by western unions displays a lot of marketing characteristics that are bound to affect the economy positively. Western unions newly defined market or constituency of potential customers who are willing and able to engage in exchange will drive economic deve lopment up in terms of the pace of doing business due to western union agents offering more places to access their services. This can bring about more investment in the region with the three countries recording a strong balance of trade and balance of payment statements. The economy stands to benefit from the fact that a lot of unrecorded transactions or ‘black market economy transactions’ are avoided realizing a situation where the government is able to raise more money through proper taxation of all transacted amounts. The expansion of western unions outreach will prove to provide and facilitates   inter? ersonal   transactions,   it   could   improve   the   allocation   of   savings   across   households   and   businesses   by   deepening   the   person? to? person   credit   market. This   could   increase   the   average   return   to   capital,   thereby   producing   a   feed? back   to   the   level   of   saving and by   making   transfers   across   large   distances   trivially   cheap, western uni on could   improves   the   investment   in,   and   allocation   of,   human   capital   as   well   as   physical   investment. Households   may   be   more   likely   to   send   members   to   high? aying   jobs   in   distant   locations   (e. g. ,   the   capital),   either   on   a   permanent   or   temporary   basis,   and   to   invest   in   skills   that   are   likely   to   earn   a   return   in   such   places   but   not   necessarily   at   home. Electronic funds transfer as offered   could   bring a situation that affect   the   ability   of    individuals   to   share   risk. Informal   risk? sharing   networks   have   been   found   to   be   an   important,   although   not   fully   effective,   means   by   which   individuals   spread   risk,   making   state? ontingent   transfers   among   group   members. By   expanding   the   geographic   reach   of   these   networks,   western union   may   allow   more   efficient   risk   sharing,   although   the   risk? reducing benefits   might   be   mitigated   due   to   issues   of   observability   and   moral   hazard   when   parties   are   separated   by   large  distances. Risk? related effect arises if western union facilitates timely transfer  of small amounts of money. Instead of waiting for conditions to worsen   to evels   that   cause   long   term   damage,   western unions money transfer  might  enable   support   networks to   keep   negative   shocks   manageable. For example a   household   head   with   access   to   money transfer   who   suffers   a   mild   health   shock   might receive   a   small   amount   of   money   via any western union agen t   that   allows   him   to   keep   his   children   in   school. If   this   money   was   delayed,   or   the   sender   waited   until   the   recipient   Ã¢â‚¬Å"really   needed   it†,   the   children   might   have   quit   school,   the   effects   of   which   may   be   hard   to   reverse. Money received through such electronic channels as western union might and   could most likely   conceivably   alter   bargaining   power   and   weaken   incentives   within   households   or   other   networks. Economically   weaker   family   members   might   expect   larger   and   more   regular   remittances   from   better? off   city? dwelling   relatives,   who   themselves   might   find   it   hard   to   justify   not   sending   money   home. This   could   weaken   incentives   for   rural   household   members   to   work   or   innovate,   offsetting   some   of   the   efficiency? nhancing   benefits   of   improved   geographic   labor   allocation   and   risk   sharing. Money received by certain households   could   have   the   effect   of   empowering members   who   have   traditionally   had   less   bargainin g   power,   in   particular   women. Especially   among   poorer   segments   of   the   population,   remittances   and   transfers   received   (and   sent)   via   western union are   less   visible   than   those   transmitted   by   other   means,   such   as Delivery by a friend or relative. Granted   this   information   advantage,   recipients   could   be   in   a   position   to   keep   more   of   the   funds   they   receive. Evidence   suggesting   the   spending patterns   of   women   and   men   differ   then   implies   that   the   advent   of   western union along other electronic fund transfers   could   have   real   effects   on  the   allocation   of   household    Spending. Articles implication on the market competitiveness. The article address the strong link between marketing and strategy whereby in the marketing strategic mapping of western union, after defining their marketing objectives they carried out a SWOT analysis of their current structure realizing that the potential of the growing east African market is only hindered by the lack of agents within the region. It is this that led them to the need to build competitive marketing strategies that involves segmenting, targeting and positioning themselves closer to their target market. Western union strategy has been seen to change its marketing mix within the region interms of price, place, promotion and its people (agents) though retaining most of its product offering and process. The case analysis its presence in the east African region and business position across its countries of operation though not highlighting much of its distinct competences and competitive advantage with its rival companies such as money gram and the new threat that has been brought about by mobile money transfer systems such as m-pesa and tangaza that have a close to 49% penetration rate due to the high adoption of mobile phones across the region over the last nine years. Western unions improved agent presence is a threat for moneygram which is still operating locally through banking and financial institutions as agents and with increased presence has the distinct advantage of eating into the market share of moneygram due to better presence that is key in such a service driven industry. Presence means access to more people within more regional blocks meaning more transactional volumes for the organization. In terms of whether or not it will be able to able to make a dent on a hold a share of the mobile money transfer market is a question of wait and see. This is due to the fact that the regions for penetration have not being clearly addressed to weigh such factors as to the access of mobile phones and subsequent mobile money transfer penetration, though western union distinct advantage over the regions mobile transfer market is that it can transact across boarder within the east African and central African region unlike m-pesa and the like which have had long standing operational battles on their limitations with central bank and other formal banking institutions, though all in all westerns union change of strategy to better serve the region will bring along with it changes in marketing tactics for established and potential new operators in the money transfer industry. How to cite Western Union Seeks East and Central African Market, Papers

Marijuana (simple without concution) Essay Example For Students

Marijuana (simple without concution) Essay Marijuana also called cannabis is a leafy plant, which grows wild in many of the tropic areas of the world. The most commonly used form of cannabis are the leaves and flowering tops called buds which may be either smoked or eaten. It can be also concentrated to form called hashish, and as a sticky black liquid called hash oil. There are three different species of cannabis: Cannabis sativa, Cannabis indica, and Cannabis ruderalis. The power of cannabis is different from one variety to another. Some requires only small amount of drug to reach full effects and some requires many hits to get the same effects. Cannabis is sold on the street in the United States from $30 to $120 depending on quality. Sales of cannabis are illegal in the United States but many countries have legalized it because of the medical use of cannabis. Cannabis plants do grow wild in many parts of the world. This plants has been used for thousands of years for medical use only until the 19th century when use of cannabis spread from China and the Middle East to the population of Europe and America. Since that time cannabis became illegal and very popular drug known in all countries. In some way the affects of the marijuana may be serious. When smoked, the effects of cannabis begin immediately. When eaten the effects can take 1 to 2 hours to begin, depending on how much food is in the stomach. The effect after smoking cannabis may last for 1-2 hours and when eaten, the effects may sometimes last longer than 4 hours. One of the primary effects of smoking cannabis is relaxation, and changes of mood. By taking low amount of marijuana, affects are just talkativeness, laughing at any nonsense, and closed-eye visuals. By taking greater amount of this drug, vision and memory may be lost for a certain time. Marijuana leaves also affects quite after taking it. Affects like paranoia, confusion, tiredness, and reduced ability to concentrate.